Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt
International Tourism Management

 

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ITM Bachelor 1. Sem
8029: Introduction International Tourism Management
           We 08.15 - 09.45 h (+ other dates) Audimax II

 

 SUPPLY SIDE:

Parts of the tourism product as viewed by supply side:
Organisational structures and political influences:

EU policies on tourism - current policies and background

 

 EU's new tourism policy: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/services/tourism/index_en.htm

 

 European Tourism funding: Example European_Union_Funding-Guide

 

 

 

 

 

 Background: Development from 1945

 

International tourism policies from 1945 until now (based on Hall 2000)

Phase

Characteristics

1945-1955

Dismantling and streamlining of police, customs, currency, and health regulations from the Second World War and immediate post-war period (in some countries longer than 1955)

1955-1970

Greater government involvement in tourism marketing in order to increase tourism earning potential, in post-colonial countries beginning of tourism policy

1970-1985

Government involvement in the supply of tourism infrastructure and in the use of tourism as a tool of regional development

1985-today

Continued use of tourism as a tool for regional development, increased focus on environmental issues, reduced direct government involvement in the supply of tourism infrastructure, greater emphasis on the development of public-private partnerships and industry self-regulations.

 

 Examples: Airlines, Beach resorts, Tourist Information Offices

 

 

Five approaches to Tourism Planning and Policies, their assumptions and main questions:

> boosterism:
"Tourism is good"
How to attract tourists, how to make locals into good hosts.

 

> economic, industry-oriented approach:
"Tourism is an industry like other industries"
How to maximize profit, cost-benefit analysis

 

> physical/spatial approach:
"Tourism is a resource user"
Visitor management, carrying capacity, environmental impact, National Parks

 

> community-oriented approach:
"Tourism changes local societies"
Empowerment, education, social impact

 

> sustainable approach:
"Tourism needs holistic approach"
tourism as system, tourism planning part of overall planning, stakeholder

(after Getz 1987/Hall 2000)

 

 

 

 

How much intervention by the government?

1974 IUOTO (forerunner of UNWTO) stated that, in order to foster and develop tourism:

"... on a scale proportionate to its national importance and to mobilize all resources to that end, it is necessary to centralize the policy-making powers in the hands of the state so that it can take appropriate measures for creating a suitable framework for the promotion and development of tourism by the various sectors concerned."

 

 

Today that seems an very old-fashioned idea, especially on an international level.

 

  

Areas of government intervention are existing, like:

- market failure

- market imperfection

- social needs

however, most interventions are not specifically targeted at the tourism industry (mixed usage of resources!) and seldom analysed towards the effects of specific measures for the tourism industry beforehand.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Contact: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt, Study Program Director
Bachelor and Master Program International Tourism Management
arlt@fh-westkueste.de, Office 2.018, Tel. 0481 8555-513
Consultation hours (during lecture period): Wednesday 11.00 - 12.00 h
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