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ITM Bachelor 1. Sem |
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INTRODUCTION:
Tourism studies The beginnings of a scientific treatment of tourism are connected to monetary and statistical approaches and a Central European view. The oldest major texts from Germany, Guyer-Feuler: Beiträge zu einer Statistik des Fremdenverkehrs, (1895), Stradner: Der Fremdenverkehr (1905) and Schullern zu Schrattenhofen: Fremdenverkehr und Volkswirtschaft (1911) concentrated on economic aspects as did the early Italian text of Bodio: Sul movimento dei forestieri in Italia e sul denaro che vi spendono (1899) and the first major French text of Picard: L’Industrie du Voyageur (1911). At the end of the 1920s the economist Robert Glücksmann started in Berlin his Archiv für Fremdenverkehr as a periodical publication of his private tourism research institute. Accordingly in the 1920s at several universities in Austria and Switzerland, ‘the first European chairs and research programmes were an outgrowth of departments of economics and, to a lesser extent, the field of economic geography’ (Hall 2005: 7). While the war stopped tourism and tourism science development in many countries and Glücksmann’s ‘Jewish’ institute had to close in Nazi Germany, in Switzerland the development continued. In 1941 in Professor Krapf in Berne started the Forschungsinstitut für Fremdenverkehr, while in St Gallen Professor Hunziker became the first director of the Seminar für Fremdenverkehr. Tourism research in the second half of the twentieth century was – and still is today – dominated by an Anglo-Saxon point of view from researchers working out of North America, Great Britain or Australia and New Zealand. The impact from other areas is minimal, especially if the publications are not in English. For the 21st century, some Asian scholars claim that the "third wave" of tourism science will be, after Europe and North America, now Asia.
Disciplines engaged in tourism sciences are no longer restricted to economics and geography but have multiplied, even though the quality and depth of tourism research is sharply criticized within the guild. Cooper (2003b) finds four problems
still existing in 2003: (adopted from: Arlt 2006)
- Disciplinary approaches to tourism
today: Economics (Example: Economic contribution,
costs and benefits)
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a big way only in the 1980s.
Most of the about 20 study programs for tourism in Germany are only 10 or less than 10 years old. Most of the study programs are taught on Universities of Applied Sciences rather than at universities.
"Tourism Science" as a discipline is not yet well established. Many still only consider it as a "hyphenated" science Bindestrich-Wissenschaft (tourism-geography, tourism-sociology...)
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Contact:
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt, Study Program Director |
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